This article presents a solution for the thermoelectric power supply of wireless sensor nodes for condition monitoring of marine gearboxes. Among the different ambient energy sources in marine gearboxes, frictional heat has been identified to be appropriate to thermally power a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The such generated electricity may power wireless sensor nodes for detecting temperature, vibration, torque and rotational speed. Requirements for a corresponding energy supply are formulated, constructive solutions are presented and thermal simulations and practical experiments are reviewed. The results are evaluated and a solution is selected for further implementation, which provides for an actively cooled TEG in the area of the ship gearbox’s heat exchanger. This can provide continuous electrical power of up to 14 mW, thus supplying the planned sensor nodes. The disadvantage of this solution is that a comparatively extensive mechanical modification, for example, to the oil and cooling water pipelines is required.
energy harvesting, thermoelectric generator, wireless sensor nodes, thermal simulation, condition mo
More and more people want to live in the cities. Space is getting scarce – not only living space but space for offices, streets, parking, railways and stations. Will urban infrastructure still be sufficient in the future? And how can we use urban space as efficiently as possible?
material flow simulation, traffic
As a highly-loaded element between the diesel engine and propeller installation, the marine gear has a special significance with regard to the reliability of the entire ship propulsion. Together with project partners from industry and research a condition monitoring system has been developed by the IPH, to prevent failures. The peculiarity of the system is the wireless and self-powered operation.
condition monitoring, wireless sensor nodes, microcontrollers
When designing logistics processes, the demand for an environmental sustainability is increasing. Often companies have a choice between different alternatives, which costs and environmental consequences may differ. This paper presents the results of a research project that aimed to develop a method for the ecological and cost-based selection of supply concepts.
ecological rating, supply concepts, green logistics
The method of injection molding is one of the most important processes in the processing of plastics. Thus moldings can be produced economically in large quantities and with a high reproducibility. Besides quality the energy consumption in the production is an important part because of the energy transition and the rising energy prices. In particular, small and medium enterprises from the plastics processing industry in Germany with about 3,000 companies are, therefore, forced to optimize their processes and production equipment energetically.
injection molding, plastics processing, energy optimization, parameter optimization, energy model
The lecture introduced IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH with its three fields of activity: forming technology, logistics and automation technology. Furthermore, research and consulting projects were discussed. In addition, Industrie 4.0 was presented as a major focus of current research.
industrie 4.0, automation technology, logistics
The lecture introduced IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH with its three fields of activity: forming technology, logistics and automation technology. Furthermore, research and consulting projects were discussed. In addition, Industrie 4.0 was presented as a major focus of current research.
industrie 4.0, automation technology, logistics
The lecture introduced IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH with its three fields of activity: forming technology, logistics and automation technology. Furthermore, research and consulting projects were discussed. In addition, Industrie 4.0 was presented as a major focus of current research.
industrie 4.0, automation technology, logistics
Path-finding algorithms (PFA) are successfully used to find the optimal path between two locations. Good results are obtained if they are used in scenarios where the entire environment can be described mathematically. Production environments of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are not one of those. PFA find solutions that are mathematically correct but miss human expertise that would dismiss solutions of the algorithm that aren’t applicable to a real production layout. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm consisting of an A* algorithm, and a fuzzy logic control in order to generate a fuzzy-enhanced A* algorithm (FEA*) that produces efficient and applicable road maps for AGVs. First computational results are shown.
path-finding algorithm, fuzzy-logic, expert system, agv, road maps
The lecture introduced IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH with its three fields of activity: forming technology, logistics and automation technology. Furthermore, research and consulting projects were discussed. In addition, Industrie 4.0 was presented as a major focus of current research.
research and development, industrie 4.0, automation technology, logistics
The lecture introduced IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH with its three fields of activity: forming technology, logistics and automation technology. Furthermore, research and consulting projects were discussed. In addition, Industrie 4.0 was presented as a major focus of current research.
research and development, industrie 4.0, automation technology, logistics
The most common bulk forming process is closed die forging with flash. One goal of the industry is to reduce flash. For geometrically difficult parts like crankshafts flash reduction can be achieved by flashless preforming and flash-reduced final forging. The corresponding process design is challenging and defects like an insufficient cavity filling often occur in final forging. A controlled, moveable flash gap enables the alteration of the material flow, increasing the filling of the cavity again. In this paper, the flashless preforming for crankshafts and the influence of a controlled flash gap on cavity filling are described.
Forging, die design, material flow, FEA, flash land
In common forging processes for geometrically complicated parts such as crankshafts, an excess on material (flash) is technically needed to produce a good part, which results often in a material utilization between 60 % and 80 %. But the material costs in forging represent up to 50 % of the total production costs. By decreasing the flash ratio, the material usage and production costs in forging operations can be reduced significantly. For a crankshaft, the development of a new forging sequence was necessary, to achieve the reduction of flash. This development was performed for an industrial two-cylinder crankshaft, based on finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. The new forging sequence consists of three flashless preforming operations, an induction reheating followed by a multidirectional forging and the final forging. By use of this forging sequence the flash ratio was reduced from about 54 % to less than 10 %. Due to the huge reduction of the flash ratio, material as well as energy can be saved from now on, thus increasing the competitiveness of the company.
hot forging, FEA simulation, reduction of flash, multidirectional forging, resource efficiency
Compliance with punctual delivery under the high pressure of costs can be implemented in the forge industry through the optimization of the in-house tool supply. Within the Transfer Project 13 of the Special Research Department 489, a mathematical model was developed which determines the minimum inventory of forging tools required for the production, considering the tool appropriation delay.
production planning and -steering, production management, tool inventory reduction, servicelevel, fo
The more complicated a forging geometry is, the more flash is necessary to achieve a form filling and a part free of defects. Most small and medium sized enterprises (SME) forge many different parts in small and medium batch sizes and cannot afford the high effort to design more efficient forging processes. In the paper the development of a resource efficient forging process chain for crankshafts is summarized. The forging sequence consists of flashless preforming steps and a flash reduced final forging. The tools were designed to work on industrially used fast moving mechanical presses. The last of the four flashless preforming steps is a multidirectional forming of the crank webs and a pin offset. To keep the forging forces on a low level and enable a stable forging process, an induction reheating of the preform before multidirectional forging was designed. The crankshaft was successfully forged with a reduced flash ratio of less than 10 %.
forging, flash, induction heating, preform, crankshaft
The lecture introduced IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH with its three fields of activity: forming technology, logistics and automation technology. Furthermore, research and consulting projects were discussed. In addition, Industrie 4.0 was presented as a major focus of current research.
industrie 4.0, automation technology, logistics
Increasing electricity price fluctuations through the augmented integration of renewable energies require dynamic tariff plans in order to conform the energy demand on the energy offer for achieving network stability. If time-variable electricity tariffs taking account into the specific needs of small and medium enterprises (SME) can be developed, energy costs can be reduced significantly by freedom degrees of an adapted manufacturing control.
energy costs, electricity tariff, manufacturing control, renewable energy
In this paper an approach for the integration of energy costs in manufacturing control algorithms is presented. The developed method is based on the Load-Oriented Order Release (LOOR) and considers fluctuating electricity prices due to the increasing supply of renewable energy in the power grid. The development allows particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) to save energy costs by organizational methods of manufacturing control without capital-intensive investments.
manufacturing control, energy costs, load-oriented order release, job shop production
The concept of angular difference allows simultaneous measurement of the relative and absolute rotation angle as well as the torque. The torsion of a shaft resulting from torque gets determined via the difference of two angles and converted into correlating torque. Today’s measuring devices use encoder disks or additional torque shafts. An incremental or absolute structure of measurement of the encoder disks is applied to it. Torque shafts are used frequently to extend the twist angle as a result of torsion. Current methods of measurement for rotation angle and torque are described.
concept of angular difference, rotation angle, torque
This paper is concerned to technology trends in logistics and shows a user interface which is focused on voice commands for using it with automated guided vehicles (AGV). Furthermore a multimodal human-machine interaction (HMI) will be presented, which gives the user the possibility to communicate and control an AGV due to information from a speech recognition system and an electroencephalograph (EEG). It will be shown, which potentials based on the merging between the acoustical voice signals and the non-invasive recording of the brainwaves from the EEG-Headset are available. By the detection of the cognitive and emotional state of the user from the signal curves by the EEG like attention or mental effort, an intelligent HMI should be realized. As a result of this, dialogues between humans and machines could be used more efficient and wrong inputs, like for example the request for a reconfirmation if an inattention is detected, could be reduced. First perceptions will be shown in this paper. In conclusion there will be a prospect of upcoming studies in the future.
driverless transport systems, driverless transport vehicles, voice control, eeg
